Persuasive communication

Persuasive communication is at the heart of the selling process, and the sales presentation/demonstration is the critical center stage or Showtime† for salespeople. After asking the customer qualifying questions to uncover specific needs, the salesperson presents the products and services that will best satisfy those needs; highlights their features, advantages, and benefits; and stimulates desire for the offerings with a skillful demonstration. Prospects are primarily interested in the benefits being offered them.Product features and advantages are important only if hey can be tied directly to a specific benefit the prospect is seeking. For instance, pointing out a flat-screen monitor feature when demonstrating a new desktop computer does not mean much to a prospect unless the salesperson explains the related benefits of taking up less desk space, reducing eye strain, and increasing employee productivity. Success in this stage requires development of carefully tailored and pra cticed strategies, including a convincing product demonstration.It's been said that a picture Is worth a thousand words, and a demonstration Is worth a thousand pictures. One successful sales representative always carried a hammer ND a plate of his company's unbreakable glass with him to demonstrate Its strength. One day, Instead of hitting the glass with the hammer himself, he let the prospect do it. From then on, his sales soared as he continued letting customers swing the hammer. Salespeople should always try to get their prospects involved in demonstrating the product or â€Å"trying it out,† so they can gain confidence in using it.A dog-and-pony show, no matter how elaborate, seldom succeeds because prospects usually see its focus as selling the product instead of solving their problems. Salespeople who use skillful questioning and reactive listening while prospects scribe their needs can often adjust their sales presentation and demonstration on the fly to provide the b est customer solutions. Various sales presentation strategies are presented In Table 4. 6, but most professional BIB salespeople find the consultative professional strategy to be most effective, along with tactics that anticipate likely Interactions between buyer and seller.Like an actor or athlete, the salesperson needs to diligently practice the sales presentation with a sales associate or friend. Some salespeople enroll in sales presentation training programs offered by impasses like Empowerment Group (www. Empowerment's. Com/ presentation_training. HTML) as a way to further develop their proficiency (Figure 4. 3). Adaptive versus Canned Sales Presentations. Traditional salespeople tend to make relatively standard sales presentations that don't vary much from one prospect to another.Top-performing salespeople try instead to adapt each presentation to the particular prospect and selling situation. 16 Salespeople who modify their presentations according to specific prospect or cust omer needs and behaviors are more effective than those who do not. 7 This point may seem obvious, but only salespeople who are Inclined to adjust their sales presentation to the customer are likely to do so during the sales call-1 8 Successful salespeople regularly practice adapting their sales presentation to different customer feedback during the presentation.For example, if the purchasing manager for Hertz (womb. Hertz. Com) shows more interest in safety than in gas mileage, then an observant salesperson for General Motors (womb. GM. Com) can quickly adapt the sales presentation by emphasizing the safety benefits of GM cars. Although adaptive ailing is generally best, canned (or programmed) selling can be appropriate for some types of prospects, selling situations, and salespeople.In fact, the most effective sales presentations often blend the canned and adaptive approaches. 19 Many professional salespeople use programmed multimedia to present general information efficiently and effectively and to enliven their sales presentations. During the multimedia presentation, salespeople are able to closely observe the prospect's reaction and accordingly better adapt later stages of the sales presentation. To gauge how adaptive you are as a salesperson, take the test in Table 4. 7.

B.Sc Chemistry, Zoology, Botany, English, Pak.Study, Islamiate.

INSTRUCTIONS 1. All entries in the Admission Form must be made in BLOCK LETTERS by the candidate in his/her own handwriting. 2. Incomplete application form will not be accepted. 3. Any candidate who passed intermediate examination from Lahore, Sargodha, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala and Federal Board can apply for registration without N. O. C (No Objection Certificate). 4. The candidate who want him self to be Registered with the University of the Punjab and has passed Intermediate Examination, B. A/B. Sc. etc. rom other Board/ University, which does not fall under the territorial Jurisdiction of University of the Punjab, will attach original N. O. C. within stipulated time from the concerned Board/ University. 5. The Candidate will obtain Registration number before appearing in any examination of University of the Punjab otherwise his/her admission form will not be entertained. 6. In case of M. A. Student it is necessary to mention the Subject. 7. Punjab University have a right to cancel the Registration Number if educational documents found bogus. 8. The following documents must be attached with the Registration Form. a. Attested photocopy of Matriculation result card. . Attested photocopy c. of Intermediate result card. d. Attested photocopy of B. A/B. Sc result card (if applicable) e. Attested photocopy of N. I. C. f. Attested photocopy of father’s N. I. C. g. Original Migration Certificate. DECLARATION I, SOLEMNLY DECLARE THAT: The entries made in this form are correct. In case of any misstatement I may be held responsible.   (Signature of the Application) : Name of the Applicant SPACE FOR PASTING ORIGINAL BANK CHALLAN RECEIPT LIST OF AUTHORIZED HABIB BANK LTD. BRANCHES FOR COLLECTION OF UNIVERSITY FEES. | | |LOCAL BRANCHES |Gujrat, Circular Road Branch | | |Islamabad, Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Branch | |Lahore, University of the Punjab, New & Old Campus |Jaranwala, Grain Maket Branch | |Lahore, Rewaz Garden Branch |Jauhar abad, Main Branch | |Lahore, Bilal Park Branch |Jhang, Saddar Shaheed Road Branch | |Lahore, Cricket House Branch |Jhelum, Machine Mohalla Branch | |Lahore, D. P.S Model Town Branch |Kamaliya, Railway Road Branch | |Lahore, Dharampura Branch |Kasur, Railway Road Branch | |Lahore, Keerkallan Branch |Mandi Baha ud Din, Main Branch | | |Mianwali, Zaka Centre Branch | |MOFUSSIL BRANCHES |Okara, Grain Market Branch | | |Pind Dadan Khan, Market Branch | |Attock, City Branch |Rabwah, Main Branch | |Bhakkar, Main Branch |Rawalpindi, Liaquat Bagh Branch | |Bhalwal, Muslim Bazar Branch |Rawalpindi, Raja Bazar Branch | |Chakwal, Railway Road Branch |Rawalpindi, Faiz abad Branch | |Chiniot, Main Bazar Branch |Sialkot, City Branch | |Faisalabad, Circular Road Branch |Samundri, Ghalla Mandi Branch | |Faisalabad, Samanabad Road Branch |Sargodha, Fatima Jinnah Road Branch | |Faisalabad, Narwala Road Branch |Sheikhupura, Railway Road Branch | |Gujranwala, Bank Square Branch |Skardu, Main Branch | |G ilgit, Main Branch |Toba Tek Singh, Main Branch | |Gojra, Railway Road Branch |Wazirabad, Main Bazar Branch | FOR OFFICE USE Actual Amount Due |Amount Received |Receipt Number |Date |Amount Still Due | | | | | | | Reference made by the office to the defaulter: |Letter Number | |Date | |Reminder Number | |Date | Important instruction: 1. Money order, Postal Orders, Bank Drafts and Cheques will not be accepted. ———————– Please affix recent sky blue background Photograph Size 1. 5 x 1. 5 [pic] Form Price Rs. 15/-

Extraordinary Circumstance Review

Introduction and Aim of the Review This review of WorldCom is based on the Extraordinary Circumstances by Cynthia Cooper. The purpose of review report is to conclude whether WorldCom satisfied the Code of Ethics and the Attribute and Performance Standards set forth by the IIA. Background WorldCom was one of the largest telecom companies in the world during 1996 to 2002. The company helped to grow a small regional company that bought and re-sold long distance in the South into an international behemoth that operated in over 65 countries.However, in 2002, the senior management and employees perpetrated a massive fraud, and in June, WorldCom announced that it had â€Å"misstated† its financial statements over the last five quarters by $3. 8 billion. After coming out this scandal, WorldCom went bankrupt, and it has been the largest bankruptcy ever. Analysis Based on the book Cynthia Cooper wrote, WorldCom didn’t comply with the Code of Ethics and the Attribute and Performan ce Standards. Fraud The internet bubble that burst in March, 2000 is followed with much larger and more devastating collapse: Telecom.WorldCom’s financial statements were far worse than expectation that would result in stock price fall, downgrading company and most importantly—losing capital to acquire companies. Then CEO and CFO were planning to change the financial statements with mid-level accountants. They thought if the financial statements were better in next quarter, they could cover the change. But things didn’t go according to plan. They had to change the number until the whistle blew. Lack of risks assessment During the WorldCom expansion, CEO, Bernie led the company through 70 acquisitions in less than 20 years.Bernie was too audacious to expand the company without consideration. For example, when board didn’t want to invest any more capital or incur more debt on telecom, Bernie mortgaged everything he had to buy TMC outright. The strategy help s LDDS expand, but also planted bomb in the company which exploded in the future. Gambling rather than risk control When World Com was acquiring other companies, some were not willing to receive a combination of cash and stock. They would sell the stock as soon as they get.In order not to let the stock price fall, the executives in WorldCom bought the stock instead at a discount price. Luckily, as the result, the stock price went up dramatically. Low internal Audit department position Internal audit department was a dispensable unit in the company and didn’t get high attention during that time. Unlike external counterparts, internal auditors are usually employees of the companies they audit. Some companies choose to have only a small, token group, others none at all, and others outsource the function altogether, sometimes to the same public accounting firm performing the external audit.Cynthia Cooper was announced to be the director of internal auditing by CEO, Bernie. They p robably had some deals under table during CEO fraud. Individual manipulation and lacking of proficiency LDDS was too big to have so many employees reporting to CEO, Bernie directly. Meanwhile, Bernie doesn’t have technical telecom or financial training and he was only interested in what he liked and understood. His goal was to make WorldCom to be the NO. 1 stock on Wall Street rather than capture market share or be global which implied the tragedy of WorldCom.He continuously acquired the other companies to make WorldCom bigger and bigger without deep consideration, even paid the price to lose his confidants. Lack of programs improvement WorldCom was praised as a â€Å"fast-growth† company—a rate of growth usually achievable only by external acquisition, not organic internal evolution. If WorldCom ever stops acquiring, growth will most likely slow, which will negatively impact analysts’ ratings and WorldCom’s stock price. The main business in WorldC om is not real telecom business; instead, it’s a acquiring and resell business.Thus, there were no improvement or clear organic structures in the company. What’s more, WorldCom didn’t have its own wireless network and it only sells wireless service, which would result in loss revenue later. Lack of after acquiring testing WorldCom acquired 65 companies successfully until the failure of acquiring Sprint. Internal auditing department only employed 10 people to monitor the huge company. Not mention to monitor and test the acquired companies. Lack of auditing CEO During the golden period of WorldCom, Bernie obtained loan from plenty banks which related to the stock price of the company.As long as WorldCom stock stayed higher above a level, banks wouldn’t issue a margin call, requiring Bernie to come up with the cash to pay down enough of the loan to bring the collateral to remain at a certain percent of the loan. As a result, when the stock market fluctuated in 2002, WorldCom stock price went down below the certain level, and the board had to help Bernie to pay the loan, or the stock price will keep falling as the banks lose confidence in WorldCom and sell stocks one after another.But at the beginning, there was no one to control Bernie not to borrow money and take that risk to pay marginal call. Conclusion WorldCom was proved to be a big success and a tragedy in the history. Its strategy of expansion through acquiring constantly helped it grow-up to be a top 100 company in the stock market. However, it’s precisely because this â€Å"crazy† acquiring method let the WorldCom ignore the foundation of operating activities. Investors neglect the cash flow statements rather than totally relied on the equity return.As the internal department, it didn’t play a good role in assurance and consulting activities for the acquiring process. Since the department wasn’t gain enough attention from the board and was usually i nfluenced by the executives, like CEO—Bernie, it was hardly to let them perform well under the Bernie’s control. In this case, Bernie was seen as â€Å"Gods† in WorldCom and there was no one came up with objections, even some will oppose the acquiring, but at last Bernie still could do what he wants.Even Cynthia found there was a fraud from the new CEO and CFO after Bernie left WorldCom. It still couldn’t prevent the tragedy Bernie planted before. At the same time, this case also gives a lesson that power should be divided rather than central control, and the person who holds the power should have the enough capability and professional knowledge. ——————————————– [ 2 ]. On page 52 [ 3 ]. On page 57 [ 4 ]. On page 77 [ 5 ]. On page 84 [ 6 ]. On page 129 [ 7 ]. On page 175 [ 8 ]. On page 127 [ 9 ]. On page 152 [ 10 ]. On page 172 [ 11 ]. On page 183

Workaholics Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workaholics - Annotated Bibliography Example They highly recommend organizations to recruit and maintain workaholics. Machlowitz and Korn are prominent psychological researchers that advocate for workaholics. Their quantitative and qualitative studies implicate that the workaholics are extremely satisfied and productive in the organization. Killinger and Fassel are major psychologists as well, who had a different perspective. Their organizational researches presented workaholics as mere difficulties to the entire workforce. According to these scholars, workaholics are unhappy and obsessive. Evidently, one cluster of scholars advocates for workaholics as the other discourages it. This is a text book that engrosses an apparent analysis of workaholics’ marriages. It purely constitutes facts about the marriage of a workaholic. In this case, this text is essential for fundamental research about workaholics’ families. It provides insights about their marital performances in society. This perspective triggers a congruent comparison of their marital performance with other domains like professional performance. According to this source, workaholic marriages manifest an elevated trend of divorce. Divorce in workaholic spouses records an average of 55%. In comparison, non-workaholic marriages recorded an average divorce rate of 16%. This trend had attributions from diverse factors. For instance, workaholic spouses spend massive durations in their jobs. They spend an average of fifty six hours per week in their jobs. In comparison, non-workaholic spouses spend an average of forty six hours per week in their jobs. Evidently, there is a massive difference in their domestic attention. Workaholics are therefore controlled majorly by external events. They are never in charge over the external events. The author of this text is a profound professional in mental health. He also possesses knowledge under organizational dynamics. This book is essential for research under

The Portrait Of The Leadership In The Movie Backdraft Essay

The Portrait Of The Leadership In The Movie Backdraft - Essay Example It is a matter of turning one's antennae to things that interest an individual. The most effective ways that leaders can convey their messages is through past experiences that form the human history. This can say in form of stories (DuBrin 18). These stories form parables that draw an inner message that can inspire the junior staffs in an organization or even the political leaders. More and more staff members are always looking for inspiration from their line managers. From the Film backdraft, John ‘Axe’ Adcox (Glenn) is a character full of inspiration. In scene 4 (25:13) he demonstrates is part of life and the way he takes control of this life-threatening career in firefighting. The good control he has on Engine 17. The way he is tactful in breaking on top of the roof such that ones the fire engine is up and running the foam would go directly killing the fire (DuBrin 40). Leaders need to borrow these tactics in dealing with hot issues in their organizations. It is clear that running away from the problem does not solve the problem either. It’s our leader’s responsibility to fight the problem head-on. In the scene (43:14), Stephen ‘Bull’ McCaffrey (Russell) is the most elderly and experienced person as seen in the film. The vast knowledge he has towards firefight has brought yields in solving the mess in this fire in Chicago. He is a true role model in the great mind and courage he has to keep on fighting with this bad master the fire (DuBrin 43). It is a lesson that will remain in books of history that fire is a good servant but a bad master. The metaphor here is that when our leaders take this noble responsibility their duty to maintain calmness in the areas that matter most. This can give our political leaders a reason to sit back and rethink what they do preach. The community can go into frames, race against race due to poor leadership skills (DuBrin 50).

The History and Regeneration of Ballymun, Co. Dublin Ireland Essay

The History and Regeneration of Ballymun, Co. Dublin Ireland - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the regeneration of Ballymun, a major renewal project now being implemented in Dublin. The paper will also examine if this regeneration project has been successful in achieving its objectives. In examining this issue the author has looked at Ballymun as a whole and researched past problems and mistakes made by the government and Dublin City Council. This paper reviews the most recent and most radical of attempts to regenerate Ballymun, which is currently being implemented under the auspices of a quasi-governmental organization, Ballymun Regeneration Ltd (BRL). This company was established by Dublin Corporation in 1997 to prepare and implement a plan for the regeneration of the Ballymun estate and the ambitions housing demolition of the flats and rebuild of new homes and socio-economic development programme which it has devised will be funded by a mixture of direct public investment together with tax relief for private sector investme nt in house building and office and factory development.   This regeneration project is highly innovative in the Irish context because BRL is the first and, to date, the only designated, quasi-governmental agency which has been employed to regenerate a public housing area in the history of the Irish State. Moreover, the use of tax incentives to encourage private sector investment in an area of this type is also unprecedented.  ... The dissertation will look at the following issues and relevant theories: 1. Establishing the urban regeneration in Ireland and its initiatives 2. Pointing out urban problems in Dublin 3. Evolution of Ballymun: its planning and development, its construction and design problems, 4. Ballymun problems and their solutions due to strategies of regeneration 5. Defining problems concerning built environment, housing management, regeneration This dissertation reviews the most recent and most radical of attempts to regenerate Ballymun, which is currently being implemented under the auspices of a quasi governmental organisation, Ballymun Regeneration Ltd (BRL). This company was established by Dublin Corporation in 1997 to prepare and implement a plan for the regeneration of the Ballymun estate and the ambitions housing demolition of the flats and rebuild of new homes and socio-economic development programme which it has devised will be funded by a mixture of direct public investment together with tax relief for private sector investment in house building and office and factory development. This regeneration project is highly innovative in the Irish context, because BRL is the first and, to date, the only designated, quasi governmental agency which has been employed to regenerate a public housing area in the history of the Irish State. Moreover the use of tax incentives to encourage private sector investment in an area of t his type is also unprecedented. BRL is also significant in the international context as, unlike many comparable regeneration projects in other countries, the indications are that its efforts to diversify tenure and encourage private sector

Developing leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developing leadership - Essay Example An effective leader knows how to handle members of the group. I am highly inspired by the leadership skills portrayed by these charismatic and dedicated leaders. I strive to be like them. Progress and self-improvement can only be measured by the goals and objectives an individual sets. Therefore, to develop my leadership skills, and to improve on my weaknesses, I had clear goals that I hoped to achieve by the end of the course. Character coupled with efficient complementary skills is essential for one to be an extraordinary leader (Reeves, 1991). Therefore, knowing clearly that I lack in complementary skills such as communication skills, it become a goal to be achieved. I also set to acquire the ability of evaluating the strength of team members. The skill is important as it will make it easier for me to establish the strength and weaknesses of the members. Therefore, enabling me to effectively allocate duties and seek guidance from the right person. It is one way of ensuring that the entire team participating in a project contributes practical and productive information (Zenger & Folkman, 2012). I was also hoping to be a better team player and develop the ability to think independently by the end of the course. My key competencies are in character, interpersonal skills and personal capability. After self-assessment of competencies, I have found that although I display high levels of honesty and integrity. I motivate and inspire team members to perform and knowledgeable in my tasks. I am also exceptionally good in general repair work and have led teams in social initiatives that involved renovating houses in poor neighborhoods on volunteer basis. Sadly, character and proficiency in repair works are not sufficient tools for modeling an extraordinary leader. A leader who only develops what he does well, gains only by simple incremental development

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Discussion - Essay Example They develop socio-psychological problems, resulting in low confidence and low adjustment within the given paradigm and become ‘depressed’. The widespread implications of depression amongst the employees significantly impacting the economic performance, socio-psychological well being of the workforce and organizational capabilities become urgent issues that need to be addressed. Effective interventions and treatment of the mental illness needs to be taken by from the holistic point of view because holistic approach treats the disease, not as an isolated event but as part of the wider perspectives that takes into account the physical, mental and social aspect of the individuals. Harter, Schmidt and Keyes (2003) assert that ‘presence of positive emotional state and positive appraisals of the workers and his or her relationships within the workplace accentuate workers performance and quality of life’. The job satisfaction, encouraging work environment and leadership initiatives that work towards mutual respect, shared learning and understanding become major facilitating agents of improved performance. Empowered workforce and proactive management promote positive attitude and impetus for higher level of achievement. Thus mental and physical wellbeing of the workers becomes important consideration for management, consultants and employees. (279) Through the ages behavioral scientists have tried to explain human behavior for the wider welfare of human race. Human behavior under normal and excruciating circumstances differ widely and is often subject to one’s approach and understanding of the issue that broadly confines to individual’s choice and thereby his or her actions. Some scientists broadly categorize abnormal behavior in terms of 4 Ds of human behavior described as: deviation from the generally acceptable social behavior or acts considered ‘normal’ by people at large; deviation from the social

Journal Entry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Journal Entry - Essay Example As a result, I lost meaningful friendships owing to barriers in communication that developed from the arguments. Previously, I had no strategy on how to handle a conflict. In the main, it is essential to uphold the principle of fairness, in which one admits a mistake when wrong and argues with a nonbiased mind. My biased arguments previously leaned on my point of view. In addition, as an introvert, I had difficulties maintaining friendships and hence I was not concerned about the outcome of a negotiation process and it effect on interpersonal relationships. However, it is essential to maintain a relationship with others and ensure that friendship continues after a negotiation process. Negotiation seeks to benefit both parties in the argument, and a resolution must favor all those involved in the process. At the end of the semester, I developed a different approach to negotiations. I have changed my approach to negotiation from an assertive approach in which I seek to satisfy my individual needs, to cooperativeness, which intends to satisfy the interests of others. I learnt the need for a structured approach to negotiation, which has so far proven successful in several cases that I have encountered in the course of the semester. The main aim of negotiation, as I have learnt, is to negotiate towards a Win-Win outcome in which both parties become satisfied. This involves a process of preparation and discussion, in which we discuss all issues and identify the main cause of the conflict. Preparation involves naming the parties involved, including witnesses to the conflict. Third parties/witnesses are invaluable in any negotiation forum because they always present an unbiased view to an argument. In addition, I have learnt the need to have a time-scale for a negotiation process to ensure that all issues are resolved in a timely manner. I have also gained skills in negotiation in the discussion process. In particular, I have

Leadership as privilege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leadership as privilege - Essay Example (Zapke-Schauer, 2005) Definition of leadership is not an easy subject. There are many things that have to be taken into consideration if someone tries to comprehend the actual structure of leadership. The pattern of leadership varies from person to person and, moreover, this pattern becomes clear when a leader passes through problematic situations. It is his/her moves, which define the pattern of leadership. The pattern also decides the direction in which the organization will be moving. And, obviously, the matter of success is entirely based on it. (Northouse, 2006) Leadership is a topic, which may be found discussed in books, journals and other places where the critics talk about it. But, actually, it is a matter of practical experience. Popularity of leadership as a topic has mainly been caused by the development of some major companies in the world under some valuable leadership. Literature is a field where leadership has always been praised. It is considered as a great human activity in this field. In this article my point is to judge leadership in a business oriented field. Management is quite clearly related to leadership from this point of view. But there are some differences between these two and sometimes there is also a conflict between them. Many of us have a wrong conception of what leadership is. That is why making big assertions about it goes completely in the wrong direction when a person is even not aware of what his topic is. Executive manager is a position of any company, which is wrongly taken to be the post of a leader of th e organization. Leadership never means any designation. It can be seen in anyone starting from a manager to a labor. Vision is the main thing, which establishes a leader, and with this ability he/she can guide the others in the organization. (MacNamara, 2008; Nurmi, Kaynak, and Darling, 1997) To state it in a very simple way, leader is the person who can influence the others present in the organization. Everyone has his/her own opinions but the leader is the person who decides the final step. This privilege is given to him/her as the person has proved the success earlier. To understand how a leader shows the way to an organization and motivates the other people, we shall take the example of Warren Buffet, the world famous businessman. We shall discuss how he guided Berkshire Hathaway to the company's huge success. Warren Buffet the great businessman was born on 30th August 1930 in Nebraska, USA. His father was a stockbroker and may be this had a great influence on Buffet's interests. Columbia Business School was where Buffet had his education. After many struggle he established himself as the greatest investor the world has ever seen. His relationship with Berkshire Hathaway began in the year 1962 when he commenced buying stock in this company. Today, along with the company's growth, Berkshire Hathaway has also made Buffet the richest man in the world crossing even the records made by none other than Bill Gates. Mary Buffet, Warren's daughter-in-law says that patience and wisdom are the keys to success for him. (Clark, 2007) Oliver Chace was the founder of Berkshire Hathaway and the company came into existence in the year 1839. The main reason why Warren Buffet is remembered in the scenario of Berkshire Hathaway is his strategy of investment and a great leadership in directing the company as a CEO. Many of the

The Purpose of Life Is a Life of Purpose Essay Example for Free

The Purpose of Life Is a Life of Purpose Essay Throughout my life, I have persevered through much pain and misfortune; however, instead of using my experiences as reasons for a life of retribution and reparations, I used these tragedies as motivation to making other people’s lives better. Growing up I witnessed my grandmother assist anybody she saw struggling or needed help. During the 17 years she was a part of my life, I watched her nurse back to health approximately 300 foster children, because nobody else wanted the burden. Despite the odds against her, she went over and beyond to assure that these youth’s necessities were met. Growing up in this environment I constantly witnessed the joy in these kid’s hearts just to experience that feeling of love and support, despite being born in a world that told them they were worthless. I found it nearly impossible not to emulate my grandmother’s mindset and lifelong purpose. In spite of all my adversities, I knew I could overcome any and everything by focusing on improving the lives of others. This in turn brought me back to the abovementioned quote by author Robert Byrne which has intrigued me since I first read it many years ago. Overall I have found throughout my life that there are at least nine vital reasons for leading a life of purpose, which are: maturity, tranquility, buoyancy, confidence. Initially I believe the ultimate gift of leaving a purposeful life is overall maturity. Great American film director John McNaughton â€Å"Maturity begins to grow when you can sense your concern for others outweighing your concern for yourself. † Overall this is how I live my life. Oftentimes, there have been days where I’ve wanted to sleep all day instead of getting up going to class or even on the weekends, but every day I ask myself â€Å"if I don’t do it, who else will? † through all my pain and hard luck I’ve realized that its unnecessary to dwell on events beyond my control. So instead I use my pain as motivation to fuel my love and support for others. One of the greatest benefits of having a mature mind is peace and tranquility. Many times people overlook the joy of being peaceful, they overlook the nights full of uninterrupted sleep, the days of no emergency phone calls, or even the simple joy of having money in the bank with no bills. Tranquility can make a great difference in one’s life. Unfortunately tranquility can be the difference between suicide and being born again. The peace we develop from simple acts of kindness is beyond imagination. No words can express the joy and peace we feel when I realize I’ve helped somebody achieve something in life, when the world told them they were worthless. No words can express the peace I feel when I support someone who didn’t have the will to support themselves. In addition to being peaceful, living a life of purpose will guide many to overcome stereotypes and failures which otherwise would halt dreams. Having a sense of buoyancy is essential to anyone trying aspiring to achieve great things in life. A lot of times in my daily life, there will come times when initial plans or goals are sidetracked by a situation or event. This is where I rely on buoyancy to persevere through this lost and through this failure even though I didn’t accomplish what we wanted, when I wanted. Instead of pondering on the â€Å"what ifs†, I stay optimistic and work harder to get the job done the next time. Furthermore, when I made the decision to dedicate my life to a life of purpose, I also chose to live a life of resilience, tenacity, and unmatched and unscathed confidence. When you have experienced what I’ve experienced and survived what I’ve survived, you create an internal persona that specifically says â€Å"if I can overcome this, nothing short of God can stop me†. Many may take this as a sign of arrogance, but I have always felt that there’s an eventual reason for why I’ve suffered through all the blood, sweat and tears. When you’ve overcome situations that the healthiest, smartest or even the slyest couldn’t survive, then you really have no choice but to possess that feeling of unparalleled confidence. Finally throughout my brief but experienced life, I’ve come to realize that, every situation we go through leaves with a choice. On one hand we have the choice of using outcomes to broaden ourselves and the world around us. We can use these outcomes to the benefit of ourselves through personal growth and development and, we can also use these outcomes to the benefit of others through service, support and sacrifice. On the other hand we have the choice of using the situational outcomes as a reason to blame others, as a reason to be depressed and as a reason to give up on life. Ultimately I chose the better option. I chose to use my negativity and let it motivate me to working harder, focusing deeper, being optimistic regardless of what else happens. In the end this leads to a life of bliss, peace and maturity, and it’s a lot less painful or time consuming. What else could be a better purpose in life than leading a life with a purpose?

Crime and Punishment in Various Countries Essay Example for Free

Crime and Punishment in Various Countries Essay Five Works Cited The effectiveness of the United States criminal legal system has been questioned and scrutinized by the media and legal analysts for decades. Even with laws to lengthen sentences and to try younger offenders as adults, the overall crime rate in the nation is still on the rise. But why is it that in places like Iceland and Singapore crime rates are so low yet both countries have very contrasting criminal laws? It has been brought to my attention that Congress will attempt to create an entire new criminal legal system for the states to adopt in an effort to finally make the streets of America safer for its citizens. Assuming that all states will forfeit their own policies to take up the system Congress builds, it is my duty to shed light on the criminal legal system and differing views of the United States and other countries legal systems and differing views of the United States and other countries of different governments, geographies, and legal systems. I will also explore the common ground they share when prosecuting criminal offenders. The information I will discover will be taken into consideration by legislators when designing a new and improved criminal justice system. It is first important to take a close look at the crime rate occurring in America. The United States has more citizens in prison than any other country. The incarceration rate of the U.S. is second only to Russia with 666 incarcerated per 100,000. The U.S. constitutes one third of the worlds population that is imprisoned while it only makes up five percent population. (Fathers Manifesto) The criminal legal system is slightly different in every state. For example, only thirty eight states practice capital punishment while the other twelve employ life imprisonment with no parole as an alternative to putting serious offenders to death. The death penalty in the United states is one of the most criticized policies in American society. Under the Constitutions eighth amendment, Americas are protected against cruel and unusual punishment. While it does not clearly define what punishment is deemed cruel and unusual, several campaigns argue that capital punishment is cruel and unusual and is a direct violation of human rights. Organizations like Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights group, claims that capital punishment is not only inhumane, but it does not deter crime more effectively in comparison to other punishments notinvolving death. (Amnesty International) Other studies have proven that it in fact costs up to three times more to put a person to death that it does to sentence life in prison with no parole. A Texas death penalty case costs an average of $2.3 million, about three times the cost of imprisoning someone in a single cell at the highest security level for forty years.(Hoppe 1A) Yet, with all the polls, statistics, and studies conducted to discourage the practice of the death penalty in the United States, other nations have found the death penalty, as well as other harsh punishments, is not a violation to human and civil rights, but an effective tool in keeping public safety. Singapores criminal laws are some of the most extreme and consistent laws found in all of the world. Its government still employs the use of corporal punishment for some offenses that would receive a mere parole sentence in the U.S. Singapores citizens have stated that even though its punishments are severe and outrageous to some, their streets are safer, cleaner, and the quality of life in Singapore is valued more because of these punishments. In this country the punishments that undergo heavy crossfire in the U.S. are swiftly carried out and as a result, crime in Singapore is significantly lower in comparison to the U.S. crime rates. (Fathers Manifesto) There is a consistent mandatory death sentence for narcotic offenders. A death sentence is also immediately carried out for anyone who opens fire while committing an unlawful act whether or not you shoot anyone or anything is not taken into consideration. (Singapore Law FAQ) Caning is another form of punishment carried out for crimes such as vandalism and sex offenses. Convicts are strapped to a trestle and the exposed buttocks of the offender are flogged by a martial arts expert. The caning is usually coupled with a prison sentence. Singapores officials argue that its strict laws and swift, severe punishment are what sets it aside from a crime-ridden place like New York City. (Fathers Manifesto)Of course, opponents to CP (corporal punishment) argue that this is also a cruel and unusual way to deter crime. However, those that argue this only need to compare the crime rates of Singapore to those of the United States. Whipping or caning is indeed stressful and painful but it is Singapores alternative to costly long-term confinement. This way criminals are quickly reformed and released back into society as  law abiding citizen. Another factor to be considered in Singapores low crime rate is its geography and its size. The country is located northeast of Indonesia just south of Malaysia. It is roughly 3.5 times the size of Washington D.C. It is arguable to say that the reason Singapores crime rates are low compared to the U.S. is because of its small, controllable area. But is the size of a nation or governed land a factor in determining its crime rate? Take into consideration the territory of Puerto Rico. It is a small island in the Atlantic Ocean; considerably smaller than Singapore. However, Puerto Ricos murder rate is more than three times higher than that of the U.S. (National Center) The sharp contrast between a place like Puerto Rico and Singapore and the U.S. is that while citizens of the U.S. and Singapore enjoy a high standard of living, over half of Puerto Ricos population earns less than US$ 11,000 a year. This brings us to another question in this research. Does a socioeconomic factor playa role in a countrys crime rate? Another interesting tidbit is that capital punishment does not exist in Puerto Rico. Their courts are set up similar to those of Singapore. A magistrate judge is the one who hears the case, decides the verdict and delivers the sentence. The prisons in Puerto Ricoare, for the most part, run by gangs, dilapidated, infested with insects and pose a serious health threat to inmates. (Penal Lexicon) The prison system has been under the watchful eye for the drastic and costly changes not only for the prisons, but for juvenile treatment centers, discipline measures and improvements in mental health care. The brutality of violence and disease in prisons seem like enough to prevent anyone from committing a crime that would result in jail time. Unfortunately, even with the abolishment of capital punishment and the anarchy in prisons, Puerto Rico is notorious for holding one of the worlds highest murder rate. (Penal Lexicon) After completing the criminal legal system of three random governments, it is interesting to see how each handles the ever- present demon called crime. When will there be a system that can effectively prevent crime and correct offenders without severe, barbaric tactics and without corruption and anarchy? When researching the topic on criminal legal systems, Ive found  that different countries have very different beliefs in which they value the life of a human. One country, the United States, will go the extra mile to find the best possible defense for its accused. Another, Singapore, will torture and beat confessions from its suspects while the other, Puerto Rico, casts its criminals into a hell practically operated by those society has thrown away. The common ground all three nations share is their never-ending struggle to provide its citizens with the means to live a life that is safe, meaningful and without fear of danger. Back in America, our government will continue to brainstorm ideas to eliminate crime in our streets and neighborhoods.

Masculinity in Great Expectations

Masculinity in Great Expectations Late Victorian Masculinities are bound up with discourses of evolution and aesthetics. Analyse this statement in relation to Charles Dickens Great expectations and Oscar Wildes The Picture ofDorian Gray This essay will try to assess the validity of the abovestatement using the texts stated, and also referring to existing criticism onthe subject. In answering the question, I shall break the statement into twosections. Firstly, I will discuss masculinity in Great Expectations inrelation to evolution, looking at Pips transition from humble beginnings to amore flamboyant existence, and how this fits in with Darwins theory ofevolution. As well as this, I will look at how masculinity is represented insome of the other characters, and lastly to what extent Pips life story cantruly be said to be an evolution. Next, I will discuss masculinityin The Picture of Dorian Gray in relation to aesthetics. This part ofthe essay will focus on how the portrayals of masculinity in the novel fit inwith the idea of Art for arts sake, promoted by followers of the aestheticmovement. In particular I will examine the identity of the eponymous hero, whoembodies much of the aesthetic ideal. There will also be a consideration of theunderlying theme of homosexuality and how some criticism has suggested that theaesthetes used such themes in order to illustrate their own ideas aboutidentity and masculinity. I will then consider to what extent aesthetics arepart of the representation of masculinity in the novel. Masculinity in Great Expectations doescertainly intertwine with the idea of evolution. Pip is in many ways thearchetypal bildungsroman, progressing from a simple domestic life in ruralKent, to London and fortune (although his ending does represent a variation onthis concept). His masculinity is developed along the way. In earlier chapters,he is governed largely by fear, as in the readers first encounter with Mrs.Joe, in which he is informed that he is in trouble. At this dismal intelligence,Ilooked disconsolately at the fire. Tickler was a wax-ended piece of cane. Contrast this with his behaviour later on in the book, after he has begun to make his way in the world Being on one occasion threatened with legal proceedingsI went so far as to seize the Avenger by his blue collar and shake him off his feet. By comparisons such as this, we can observe a correlation between the kind of personal evolution, common to the Victorian novel, undergone by Pip, and an increase in perceived masculine traits, such as dominance and physical aggression. However, underneath this, there is perhaps amore scientific form of evolution under discussion. No novel exists in avacuum, and being published in 1861, Great Expectations Darwinsgroundbreaking Origin of Species by only two years. Darwin mentions theStruggle for Existence, in which all life strives to be successful,identifies some key factors in this success. I should premise that I use theterm struggle for existence in a large and metaphorical sense, includingdependence of one being on another, and including, which is more important, notonly the life of the individual but the success in leaving progeny. Pips struggle is clearly dependent on others, for example Magwitch, his benefactor, and it is ultimately Joe who helps him in his time of need. Interestingly, however, he does not have an heir. Indeed, in the original ending, Pip notes in an unmistakably gloomy tone Estellas reaction to Little Pip, She supposed the child, I think, to be my child. In this sense, Pips evolution can be seen to be incomplete. But what does this mean with regard to masculinity? It is interesting to note that masculinity in GreatExpectations is not limited to the male characters. One example of this isMrs. Joe, who, as one critic notes, wore the pants in the household, while Joeserves as an effete and effeminate child like figure.Since Joessimple character evolves less than Pip, this might be seen as fitting in withDarwin, but, as has already been mentioned, Joe achieves the ultimate inevolution leaving progeny while Pip does not. Similarly, Mrs Havisham isgiven a somewhat masculine-tinted description her voice had dropped, so thatshe spoke low, and yet she is arguably the most static characterin the book, being unable to move beyond the trauma of her past. In the lightof this, it seems doubtful that Dickens intended a purely evolutionary picture. Although there is a link in the novel between masculinity and evolution, the two do not go entirely hand in hand. Dickens uses the bildungsroman model, but Pips development is one of acceptance of his role in life rather than the outright triumph evolutionary theory suggests. However, I do not believe that Dickens set out to critique Darwin either. The novels discussion of masculinity sometimes coincides with evolution, and sometimes does not. I think it would be fair to say that Dickens was influenced by the effect of evolution on masculinity, but his characters successes and failures do not fit in with any definite theory. In The Picture of Dorian Gray,masculinity is linked less to evolution and more to aesthetics. This is largelya result of Wildes adherence to the principles of the aesthetic movement,particularly that of Art for Arts sake. This consists of the idea, outlinedin the novels preface, that Art is an entity in itself and that its ownbeauty, and not its meaning or purpose, is what gives it the right to exist -All art is quite useless.This idea permeates the main character,Dorian Gray, in lots of ways, not least in the identity of his masculinity.This can be seen in Lord Henrys description of him in the first chapter -this young Adonis, who looks as if he was made out of ivory and rose leaves.Whyhe is a Narcissus.With its classical references and focus onphysical attributes rather than personality characteristics, this represents aquite different masculine ideal from that which the evolutionists favoured.Masculinity here is perhaps closer to the Platonic ideal, and there is noparticular empha sis on such traits as physical strength and courage, eitherphysical or moral, with which the bildungsroman might be associated. Moreover, some of the most fundamental aspectsof masculinity are challenged. Wilde was, of course, a homosexual, and thistheme is implicitly covered in The Picture of Dorian Gray. For instance,although all of the main characters have heterosexual relationships, such asDorians love for Sybil Vane, there is a suggestion of homosexuality as well.The men are certainly homosocial, and there are implications in therelationship between Lord Henry and Dorian. The former talks very dotingly tohis protÃÆ'Â ©gÃÆ'Â ©, right up to the end of the book, My dear boy, You are much toodelightful, and so forth, and perhaps more significantly, it isDorians good looks that first attract him. This affects the way masculinity isdealt with in the novel in the respect that it removes the element of trying towin the female love interest that we see in Great Expectations. DespiteDorians brief fixation with Sybil, women seem largely incidental to the livesof the principal male characters. This is arguably b ecause they are onlyrequired when they are of aesthetic value, not for their emotional input.Dorian does not ultimately let Sybils suicide interfere with thepseudo-homosexual, and more aesthetic, relationship he has with Lord Henry. Critics have suggested that thisis part of a movement in society in which Wilde and others brought forwardidentity politics, the concept that individuals can view themselves in thelight of their deviations from the norms of society, often enjoying aspects ofthemselves that some might consider abnormal or even immoral. As Audrey Jaffenotes, the contrast between beautiful and ugly images of Dorian Grayreproduces the aesthetics of contemporary identity politics, in which identitytakes shape as the difference between negative and positive culturalprojections.This is perhaps the biggest contrast with GreatExpectations. Whereas Pips manhood is seen as complete when he has learned to accept his place in the world, Dorians masculinity is defined by his unwillingness to conform. It is his aesthetic makeup that makes him a man. The implied homosexuality is part of that, since it involves breaking the taboos of society. According to Jaffe, we may catch the early strains of an identity politics whose anthem will eventually become loud enough to make itself heard even on St Patricks Day.In this respect, aesthetics are central to the novels portrayal of masculinity, although characters like James Vane do represent a more traditional viewpoint, showing such traits as confrontation, family loyalty and defence of ones honour. In conclusion, the representationof masculinity in Great Expectations does nod to a discourse onevolution. Dickens uses the bildungsroman model, and there is a genuine senseof progression, and with it, the rise of masculinity. In some respects,Darwinian theory is supported, as in Pips dependence on others in thestruggle for existence. However, his failure to sire offspring and hissomewhat humbled ending conflict with theories of evolution. As well as this,there is the consideration that masculine characteristics are often given tocharacters that do not evolve, such as Miss Havisham, while the hen-pecked Joeachieves the ultimate evolutionary success in reproducing. This would seem tolead to the conclusion that Dickens was aware of evolution, and to some extentinfluenced by it, but did not use it as the sole basis for portrayingmasculinity. By contrast, The Picture ofDorian Gray shows a direct link to the principles of the aestheticmovement. With his looks and his sensual approach to life, Dorian embodies muchof the movements ethos, and his masculinity is defined in terms of his charmand visual appeal. The undercurrent of homosexuality in the book reinforcesthis. By failing to conform to the ideals of Victorian society, Dorian isrepresentative of a form of masculinity that relates to identity politics.Rather than taking the moralistic route to manhood, he celebrates the beauty ofhis deviance. In this respect, his masculinity is entirely aesthetic, as it isdefined by his individual beauty, and the contrast between positive andnegative views of him. However, Wild does portray other, more traditional formsof masculinity, albeit marginally, in the character of James Vane. Evolution and aesthetics,therefore, do play a major part in late Victorian masculinity. Thebildungsroman is an evolutionary figure, while aesthetic portrayals of men werebeginning to come to the fore in this period. However, it is important toremember that these ideas do not govern masculinity entirely, mainly becausewriters are artists and not merely theorists. Although Wilde does adhere to aprincipal more closely than Dickens, both authors show a willingness to breakaway from theory when it is necessary for artistic purposes. References Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, Wordsworth, 2003, (Ch. 2, pg. 7) Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, Wordsworth, 2003, (Ch. 34, pg. 223) Charles Darwin, Origin of Species, 1859, (Ch 3 The Struggle for Existence) Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, Wordsworth, 2003, (original ending) Wayne Huang, Problems of autobiography and fictional biography in Great Expectations, www.victorianweb.org/authors/dickens/ge/huangcd.html (1997) Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, Wordsworth, 2003, (Ch. 8, pg. 50) Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray, The Complete Illustrated Works of Oscar Wilde, Chancellor Press, 1991, (Preface, pg. 4) Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray, The Complete Illustrated Works of Oscar Wilde, Chancellor Press, 1991, (Ch. 1,pg 5) Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray, The Complete Illustrated Works of Oscar Wilde, Chancellor Press, 1991, (Ch. 19, pg. 147) Audrey Jaffe, The Aesthetics of Cultural Identity: Embodying Culture, www.victorianweb.org/authors/wilde/jaffe2.html (No date) Audrey Jaffe, Sympathy and the Embodiment of Culture in Wildes Portrait of Dorian Gray, Cornell University Press, 2000 (pg. 167)

The Diamond Essay -- Diamonds Jewelry

The Diamond Diamond is the best known gem. It is known as the â€Å"king of gems† for its brilliance and for being the hardest mineral on earth. (Foa, p.50) Its characteristics enable it to be used for many different purposes. Since diamonds are the hardest gems on Mohs’ scale, they make useful tools for industrial purposes, such as drilling hard materials. However, they are quite rare, which makes them very valuable. Their beauty and brilliance make them perfect for jewelry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diamond is made up of carbon. Another form of pure carbon is graphite. Graphite is the stable form of carbon, found at the earth’s surface. Despite the fact that they have identical chemical composition, the two minerals are drastically different. Diamond is the hardest known substance and is usually light colored and transparent, while graphite is greasy, easily powdered, and very dark in color. Diamond is the hardest gem on Mohs’ hardness scale and graphite is the softest. Diamond is very hard because of its dense packing and interlocking atomic arrangement. Graphite, on the other hand, although it is the same element, is more loosely packed and has a six-sided, layered configuration, which makes it soft (Pough, 1991). The differences between graphite and diamonds are accounted for by the conditions in which they are created. Diamonds form over long periods of time, between 100 km and 200 km below the surface. At this great depth, carbon gets a chance to cool very gradually, forming diamond crystals. When volcanic eruptions occur, magma carries the diamonds up to the surface of the earth. Kimberlite lavas carrying diamonds erupt at anywhere between 10 and 30 km/hour and increase their velocity to several hundred km/hour within the last few kilometers. (Pough, 44) At the surface, this lava cools and turns into Kimberlite rock. That is why diamonds are often found in kimberlite, a volcanic rock, which is often much younger than the diamonds themselves. All diamonds that are around today are at least 990,000,000 years old. If the same element carbon found its way to the surface, before it got a chance to form crystals and solidify, it would turn into graphite. Diamond crystals occur in a variety of shapes and forms. There are octahedral, cubic, and dodecahedral diamond crystals. The octahedral crystals are formed with eight sides, the cubic ones have six sides, and the dodecahedra... ...es where mining takes place, high quality diamonds are not abundant at all. On the average, a diamond mine yields less than one carat of diamond for every five tons of rock. Of this, on average, less than 20% is usable for gems and half of this is lost in cutting. (Arem, p.37) In order to be used in jewelry, after diamonds are mined, they must be cut. Because diamonds have such a high hardness, they are cut using other diamonds. What allows them to be cut at all is the fact that they do not have uniform harness throughout the entire stone. For example, the point of an octahedron is harder than the surface of an octahedral face. Therefore, when powdered diamond is used to cut a diamond crystal, the powder will always contain some particles that are oriented in a â€Å"hard† direction in relation to the crystal being cut. (Arem, p.38). BIBLIOGRAPHY Arem, Joel E. All-Color Guide: Gems and Jewelry. 2nd edition. Geoscience Press, Inc. 1992. Fisher, P. J. The Science of Gems. Charles Scribner’s Sons. New York, 1966. Foa, Emma. Pockets Gemstones. DK Publishing. New York, 1997. Pough, Frederick H. Peterson Guide to Rocks and Minerals. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston, 1991.

Alzheimer’s Disease: The Importance of Public Awareness Essay -- Alzhei

Imagine greeting your grandmother and being met with a blank stare. Think about how it would feel to watch as your father forgets how to drive or dress himself. Picture your own mother crying out for her long dead parents and siblings. Try to envision the look on a loved one’s face as you tell them that they can no longer live at home alone. Now put yourself in their place-- slowly losing your freedom, your memory, and your very identity. Welcome to the world of Alzheimer’s disease. This is the reality that nearly fifteen million caregivers and over five million patients must face every day. Public awareness must be raised about Alzheimer’s disease and the people it affects. Alzheimer’s disease was discovered in 1906 by German physician Alois Alzheimer. While studying the biopsy of the brain of a fifty-five year old woman who had suffered some type of severe dementia, he noticed some aberrations in her brain structure. The brain appeared shrunken, with enlarged crevasses in the gray matter. Over a century later, we now know that Alzheimer’s is caused by a mixture of chemical and cellular brain abnormalities and the breaking down of cells in the mind. Most of the defects occur in the cerebral cortex, which is the outer gray matter of the brain and the center of most human-like brain functions like memory, language, and thought. About ten percent of the nerves in the cerebral cortex die as the disease progresses, causing the person to lose previously created synapses (connections between nerve cells). Neurofibrillary tangles, which are abnormally twisted and knotted strands within nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, also contribute to the cognitive impairment. Nerve cells in the brain lose the ability to create vita... ... a disorder that plays a huge role in the United States, and one that needs to be recognized. Public awareness of Alzheimer’s will stimulate research to increase, more support to be made available to those directly affected, financial solutions to be found, and an overall increase in understanding and compassion. By informing people about Alzheimer’s and its consequences, we can truly begin to battle this devastating disease. â€Æ' Works Cited Alzheimer's Association. 2011 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures. Annual Report, Washington: Alzheimer's Association, 2011. August, Paul Nordstrom. Brain Function. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1988. Check, William A. Alzheimer's Disease. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989. Harmon, Dan. Life Out of Focus; Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999.

A Midsummers Nights Dream by William Shakespeare Essay -- Papers

A Midsummer's Nights Dream by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare wrote a midsummer's night dream in 1595. He wrote this comedy to celebrate the marriage of a noble man. An important guest at the wedding was Elizabeth 1st. The play describes the adventures of two sets of lovers as they pass through the forest outside Athens, they are misused by immortals Oberon the fairy king and puck his messenger. To get revenge on his wife Titania, Oberon misuses Bottom a labourer. The love tangles are all resolved at the end of the play when love rules all end married and happy. Shakespeare wishes his audience to enjoy the falling in and out of love of the characters. His message is that true love never runs smoothly. The theme of love is involved with all of the characters from the quarrel of Oberon and Titania, to the play Pyramus and Thisbe performed by the labourers for the wedding celebrations of Theseus and Hippolyta. Oberon has power over all the elements. He can change weather and seasons. "These are the forgeries of jealousyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ But with thy brawls thou hast disturbed our sportà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The seasons alterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The spring, the summer, the childing autumn, angry winter, changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦" This speech of titanias shows us that the seasons and all the growth of nature are changed because of their jealousy arguments and disagreements. This is because Oberon and Titania are king and queen of immortals and have control over them and all nature. Their argument causes evil to occur. Later in the play when they are reconciled they bring blessing to the mortal world. He therefore decided to teach his wife a lesson when she refuses to .. ...eron's "bed and company" we see how determined Oberon is to have the little Indian boy, his wife refuses. While angry with his wife Oberon feels sorry for Helena when he hears Demetrias treats her badly. How strange that Oberon intends to use the flower juice on his own wife to misuse and embarrass her. The swing of the emotion is typical to mood swings through the play. It is Oberon that controls the lives of the other characters and brings changes of mood and atmosphere. It is he who moves he story to a happy end. When Titania agreed to give Oberon the little Indian boy he takes the juice of her eyes. The lover's muddles are sorted out and they are happy. This is a very different Oberon from which we see at the start of the play, he is a much better person. In the same way he acts like a spoilt child.

Christmas Project: Interviewing Santa Claus

I would guess our deal of 10 tons of cookies still counts? R: Absolutely! Fifty trucks from Centuries News Delivery are parking right in your enormous front yard. SC (laugh): Now that's what I want to hear. According to our deal, you get your five minutes. Hurry up because the spell wears away quickly. R: Right into our first question from 9-year-old Mr.. Augustine. Santa Claus, how do you know we are naughty or nice for the whole year when you only come to see us for one night on Christmas Eve? SC: (Its supposed to be a secret, but since we have a deal I will share it with you, only you though. All y little elves who work for me, only a few are making presents now because everything is easily made by machine. In the old time, say before 2050, I have to make them work overtime on the days before Christmas. They spy the children for about a week and talk with the children's parents to figure out if they are naughty or nice. I believe children are mostly nice in the bottom of their hea rts because they are born with love, and they are not contaminated by the world. That's why I linger my eyes on the â€Å"naughty† kids for a little bit longer, and can always find their little hearts lit with love.Nowadays, since aging presents doesn't need the elves any more, I send them to each house all year round to watch the children, and of course to help them to be good in various ways. They are invisible under my spell, but on Christmas Eve I need to use the magic power to send gifts to children, so the magic power disappears and they become visible again. So, if you see a little elf running away from your house on Christmas Eve, don't fret and try to say hello to him. R: Oh my world! You'd better watch out, because there are invisible elves living in your house! SC (wink): That's right. I always have my eyes on you.R: Our next question is from 7-year-old Mr.. Chris. It's also a question from all of us. How do you make the reindeer fly? SC: Now this is a hard questio n. My reindeer only fly on Christmas Eve. Their magic power does not just pop out. The truth is, all the power that is stored throughout the year is used on Christmas Eve to deliver presents. Normally, I cannot fly up the chimneys, carry all those presents or drive a flying sleigh. The power Of love, kindness, goodness and faith on me from each family all over the world gathers in their chimneys and goes through the factory to power the machine.The rest of the power goes into my reindeer so we can fly on Christmas Eve together. R: How fascinating! The present factory is not powered by some special magic or the elves, but love. SC: Oh, yes. Love is the most beautiful and powerful magic in this world. The more love in this world, the more presents can be produced, and the more hearts will receive warmth and joy. (smile) R: Here's my last question from 5-year-old Miss. Jimmie, and this is also a question have been wondering myself. Santa Claus, how old are you? Do you have any family w ho love you and live with you?SC Lowly laughter): Such a sweet little girl! Of course you too. I existed since the year 280 in Turkey. Since then, I am favored in Holland, Switzerland, Germany, and many other places in Europe. I was not popular in America until Washington Irving and Clement Moore introduced me in the asses. Thus, am more than 1700 years old, but my memory gets vague for things a thousand years ago. As for my family, I exist because there are all those children who love me and believe in me. They ARE my family, and don't need any more than that. Besides, have all my little elves and nine reminders who live with me.I am much loved and very happy. You don't need to worry about me. Ifs my job to bring joy to all of you. R: Thank you very much, Santa Claus. It was a wonderful time talking to you, but our time is about to end. At the end of the interview, do you have anything to say to our little audience all over the world who are watching us? SC (joyfully): To all the c hildren in this world a happy new year and a good night! Be good this year and I will come to you again (wink). See you all on Christmas Eve! (wave) carry all those presents or drive a flying sleigh.

World War One Germany Essay

After World War One German had to confront serious jobs. such as the Treaty of Versailles. disfavor of the weak and unpopular Weimar Government. serious economic jobs of rising prices and unemployment in the early 1920s and once more after 1929 and the Great Depression. Furthermore. fright and concern about the rise of communism with work stoppages and rebellions. Hitler used powerful persuasion techniques such as propaganda and in other circumstance aggression and force to extinguish his oppositions. therefore helping him to go a totalitarian dictator. This essay will discus the Treaty of Versailles. disfavor of the authorities and economic jobs and besides fright of communism and the techniques Hitler used to derive power. Basically. why the Germans were so angry about the pact of Versailles. A pact is an understanding which sorts out penalties. land boundaries and could be designed to forestall future war. After the First World War. a pact had to be made to penalize Germany. This had to be done as Germany had lost the war and had signed the Armistice on 11th November 1918 by the new German authorities. The Paris peace conference foremost met in January 1919. It was its occupation to compose the pact of Versailles. At this peace. conference there was a representative from America. France and Great Britain. Germany was non allowed to house a representative as the Allies knew that they were traveling to penalize Germany. so there was no point holding a representative merely so they can reason their instance. President Woodrow Wilson represented America and he wanted the Treaty of Versailles to be based on his fourteen-point program. This did non take to penalize Germany but aimed to forestall future war. He did non desire to penalize Germany as merely 116. 000 American soldiers died. This is as they merely entered the war in the last twelvemonth. Besides their land was non damaged as conflicts were fought in Europe. The war attempt besides did non be them much financially. This once more was because America had entered the war in the last twelvemonth. Their president Georges Clemencea u represented France and he wanted to penalize Germany as much of their land was damaged as many conflicts were fought at that place. In add-on. 1. 500. 000 Gallic soldiers died. Great Britain were represented by their Prime curate Lloyd George. He wanted to penalize Germany as 1. 000. 000 British soldiers had died and the war attempt had cost Britain a batch financially. The pact of Versailles was signed on 28th June 1919. Germany had no pick but to subscribe. This was as if they did non subscribe it would ensue in war. which Germany could non afford to make. America did non give their formal consent to the pact and subsequently signed a separate pact with Germany ( pact of Berlin on July 2nd 1921 ) . The Germans were so angry about the pact of Versailles. because they thought that as the war was lost they would be punished and be in peace. This nevertheless did non go on. Germany was at peace with other states but it was a dictate ( determined peace ) . This meant that the Alliess were still in control of the state of affairs. This would oppress German pride. This is as it gives the feeling that they are under co ntrol by another state. They might every bit good be portion of person else’s imperium. Again. the fact of authorities propaganda comes up. The populace likely thought that they could be ordering the peace alternatively of being under control. Another specific country. in which Germany was punished by the pact of Versailles. was their military loss. Germany was punished in footings of fring out militarily a batch. This essay will merely pick out two points to assist associate to the sum of penalty. First. the German ground forces was restricted to merely a 100 1000 soldiers. In add-on. Germany was non allowed to hold an air force. Both these points meant that Germany were really vulnerable to assail. This helped the Alliess. as they knew that Germany would non be able to establish a successful onslaught on a state. Besides they knew that they could easy assail Germany if they needed to. Another pieces of grounds proposing a dictate. Besides holding a little ground forces dented Germany’s pride . We know that Germany like to hold a large ground forces as one of the major long term causes of the first universe war was the weaponries race between Britain and Germany. There would besides be a batch more unemployment in Germany. This meant fewer taxpayers. which would non lend to the reparations that Germany had to pay. The authorities may besides hold to raise the revenue enhancements doing the authorities less popular with the people. Another specific country in which Germany lost out is territorially. Germany lost many topographic points to other states due to the footings and conditions laid out by the pact of Versailles. Firstly. Germany lost 13 % of its overall land to other states. This would do a job and do the Germans unhappy. as they would be less powerful. In add-on. Germany lost a batch of their industry. This is every bit many of their most productive countries of excavation were taken off. for illustration the Saar coalfields. Wholly. Germany lost 16 % of their entire industry. One of the countries lost was Alsace – Lorraine that was home to many German people. Not all of this would assist Germany financially or in footings of the military. They would free out financially as they would free their income from the industrial parts lost. Besides they would lose the revenue enhancem ents that would hold been paid by citizen life in other states which belonged to Germany. They would free out in footings of the military. as they could non trust on citizens from other states to contend for them. Wholly. Germany lost 6 million people. Another facet of penalty that was laid out by the pact of Versailles was that Germany had to pay reparations. The figure was set at around 100. 000. 000. 000 Markss. With all the losingss Germany had suffered people began to inquire the inquiry if Germany could afford. The people would be unhappy through high revenue enhancements. Germany had lost many of their industrial states and there was high unemployment. This did non assist Germany financially. There were no revenue enhancements from other states so Germany was worse off. The German would experience peculiarly humiliated and angry through this point as they felt that they alone were non responsible for all the costs of the war attempt. In add-on. they would be under changeless humiliation. as they would ever experience. as they owe something. They besides would non hold a opportunity for their economic system to turn. as they couldn’t invest. This would dent their pride as they would non be known as a powerful state. Germany was really severely affected by the depression and since 1929 ; unemployment had been on the rise. By Ja nuary 1933 the unemployment figure in Germany had risen to 6. 100. 000. bing concerns were making really severely and homelessness and poorness had become really common amongst immature people. Taxs were raised and unemployment benefits were cut. The government’s failure to cover with the depression left the Nazis with a really defeated state. particularly the business communities. workers. immature people and husbandmans ( who had been making severely since 1925. ) The economic crisis allowed Hitler and the Nazis to come in Germany’s political scene. which is what they had antecedently been seeking to make. If it hadn’t have been for this awful economic crisis so Germany would likely still have been making moderately good under Gustav Stresemann’s leading and the Germans would hold had no demand to re-consider re-electing Stresemann. The Depression helped the Nazis addition much needed support because it meant that Weimar authorities was making severely. The outlook of Germany were no longer being met by the authorities. which meant that the Germans had to re-consider who they were traveling to vote for at the following election. This means that the two grounds ( The Depression and Weimar ) are li nked closely. because it was Weimar’s failure to cover with the depression that allowed the Nazis to prehend their chance and set their new. more peaceable and caring attack into action. In November 1917. the world’s first communist authorities set up in Russia USSR. Many socialist and Communist in German supported the thought of Communism distributing to German. In November 1918. Germany was dislocated and discontent. In add-on. Communists sparticists began an extreme and violent effort to subvert the new Weimar authorities. Soldiers and crewmans were in rebellion. Finally. in January 1919. exsoldiers ( the free Corps ) violently put down the communism rebellion and the sparticist leaders were murdered. In March 1919. more public violences occurred and work stoppages by Communists in Berlin began. In early 1919. the socialist leader Kurt Eisher was shot by a right wing extremist in Bavaria and it seemed to German people that they were earnestly threatened by Communist violent. Communism became more utmost and set up a Soviet manner democracy. In maintaining with Communist philosophy. they took money and belongings from rich people and redistributed them to the workers. After the Red Communist Army was set up. the Weimar authorities sent in the free Corps military personnels to beleaguer Munich. Six hundred Communists and protagonists were ki lled. Communist workers started work stoppage and they set up a Communist ground forces of 50 50. 000 members. Again. the free Corps moved in and killed 2000 workers. Therefore. there was tonss of grounds that shows that Communism was a violent and existent menace in German. Besides many people feared and resented Communism and wanted a strong party or leader to stand up to the Communist and extinguish Communism in German. Propaganda was an of import tool used by both Germany and Russia. Hitler appointed a adult male by the name of Joseph Goebbles to head the Ministry of Public Enlightenment in Germany. This adult male used newspapers. magazines. and wireless to distribute Nazism. Even if a adult male bathed in ideas of discontent at place. he was bombarded with propaganda in public. and at the workplace. Banners hung from edifice. postings on about every mark or lamppost. Anyone with a leery expression on his or her face was foremost detained. and the sent to a prison cantonment. It was no longer merely desirable to be a Nazi sing the benefits like authorities contracts or being able to stand foremost in line. but necessary for employment. Russia employed much the same tactics with much more accent on fright. The signifier of propaganda that Hitler used. and was successful in utilizing. was his words. Hitler made many addresss. but the most celebrated address. was his concluding address at his test for lese majesty. In this address he gave his positions and sentiments on the events predating the test. This is an extract from his address: â€Å"†¦I aimed from the first to†¦ . go the destroyer of Marxism†¦ . The ground forces that we are constructing grows more from twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours. from hr to hr. Gentlemen. non you who will be the 1s that deliver the finding of fact over us. but that finding of fact will be given by the ageless judgement of history. which will talk out against the accusal that has been made against us†¦ . That tribunal will judge us†¦ . as Germans ( who ) wanted merely the best for their people and their Fatherland. who fought and were willing to decease. You might merely every bit good happen us guilty a 1000 times. but the goddess of the ageless tribunal of history will smile and rupture up the gestures of the provinces lawyer and the judgement of this tribunal: for she finds us non guilty† . After Hitler gave this address. the tribunal was sympathetic towards him. he was sentenced to merely five old ages in prison for his offense. After nine months of his sentence had been served. he received word. Bing able to derive Nazi party control and addition adequate protagonists. proves that he was an efficient user of propaganda. Hitler besides had his ain curate of propaganda when he became leader of the state. This proves that Hitler was a user of propaganda. In decision. due to the grounds shown. such as the great depression. disfavor of the weak Weimar authorities. economic jobs. fright and work stoppages of the communism and successful techniques that Hitler used to derive their people support. We can see that Hitler became a powerful totalitarian dictator Sue to his development of jobs faced by Germany and her people.

Multiple Intelligence Theory Essay

Many students choose to attend APUS because the University fosters differing educational styles and empowers the students through education. The Student Handbook states, â€Å"The University System fosters an environment that promotes a life of learning for its constituents and uses feedback from its participants and supporters to improve the quality of its teaching, learning, and support†¦ The University System anticipates and adapts to its changing environment and responds to the needs of the organization and its constituencies in manners both appropriate and timely.† In the beginning of College 100, students are introduced to the different learning styles and the theory of multiple intelligences. By becoming familiar with other students learning styles and exploring the multiple intelligences students became more tolerant towards others and were able to strengthen their learning power. Being familiar with multiple intelligence theory, knowing the different learning sty les, utilizing appropriate classroom methods, and exploring the interdisciplinary classroom will empower students towards a lifetime of learning. Recognizing the multiple intelligence theory is the first step in capturing the different learning styles. â€Å"Howard Gardners multiple intelligence theory (Gardner, 1993) proposes the idea that we all have various levels of intelligence across a range of intellectual areas† (Pritchard, 2008). The concept that people learn in different ways, and perceive and learn by different methods is what makes up the theory of multiple intelligences. There are at least nine different intelligences in which people display in varying ways (Pritchard, 2008). The styles are as follows: linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, spatial/visual, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential (Pritchard, 2008). Student’s particular academic strengths have a direct impact on how effective their learning will be for their overall education. When applying multiple intelligences to the classroom, it is very important to cater to all the types of learning styles. When discussing learning styles in the forums of College 100, every student had a different way of learning that especially worked for them. If every single assignment or activity in a classroom is slanted towards visual learning, then the students who are auditory or kinesthetic learners will be at a serious disadvantage. These students will not be able to express themselves or be able to conform to the teaching style if their learning needs are not met. â€Å"In planning for multiple intelligences, teachers consider the range of activities related to the content of the lesson and the intended learning outcomes will give a range of opportunities to the children’s different intelligence strengths† (Pritchard, 2008). It is very important for a teacher to introduce a range of activities and presentations in order to make the most out of multiple intelligences. A learning style is reflected by a students preferred method of learning, which is a direct result of their type of intelligence. It is irresponsible for a teacher to assume that all of their students will learn in the same manner. The four main styles of learning are visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and extrovert. Every style has strengths and weaknesses. It is crucial in the educational environment to exploit the student’s strengths and protect the weaknesses. A student’s self-worth and esteem can be very much tied up with their learning capability. Teachers must exhibit a range of teaching styles, so that their students learning styles will be compatible. â€Å"Diverse personalities impact relationships, motivation, and ease of learning in classroom and work environments. Where there are diverse personalities within groups, people generally prefer and choose to be with others who are similar to themselves; individuals may even dislike those who have different attitudes and behaviors from their own† (Richardson & Arker, 2010). What Richardson and Arker are implying is that people of different personalities and learning styles tend to stick in the same groups. It would be to the benefit of everyone if individuals of different personalities and persuasions were put together in one group, that way the group will be more powerful and will benefit greatly from the input of everybody. A truly good teacher will ensure that they have designed their curriculum in such a way so that students learning needs are met. Classroom arrangements can be made so that individuals of similar temperaments are brought together in what is called compatibility scheduling. This arrangement will enhance the overall productivity of students as well as teachers† (Richar dson & Arker, 2010). As multiple intelligence theory has developed, advances in classroom methods have also been made. There are at least three different methods that combine multiple intelligence theory with learning styles in order to better the classroom environment. â€Å"Brain-based education supports the need to differentiate instruction† (Richardson & Arker, 2010). Some studies in brain research have shown that there is such a thing as a left-brain and a right-brain. People can be left or right brain dominate, which largely determines the individuals learning style. â€Å"Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which student’s team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project† (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2004). This type of classroom learning will serve to help the entire group. The students and teachers will be able to pick out the roles that suit them best, thus serving the group to the best of their ability. Another method that is similar to collaborative learning is cooperative learning. In cooperative learning, â€Å"Students work together in small groups on a structured activity. They are individually accountable for their work, and the work of the group as a whole is also assessed. Cooperative groups work face-to-face and learn to work as a team† (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2004). Cooperative learning is becoming a very popular method. It uses individuals best qualities for the betterment of the group. By using these methods in the classroom learning becomes an active process and engages all types of learning styles. The Western world has divided education into blocks, and then further divided the blocks into disciplines. While convenient on paper, it is clear that education and disciplines overlap, the world is a fluid place. Interdisciplinary education is an approach that blends different disciplines and utilizes multiple intelligence theory and varying learning styles. â€Å"The exponential growth of knowledge in the twentieth century revealed how disciplinary cultures and perspectives could discourage inquiries and explanations that spanned disciplinary boundaries. Disciplines, it now seems clear, are powerful but constraining ways of knowing† (Lattuca, 2001). By breaking down the walls of the disciplines, students are empowered to use their differing learning styles. This will result in students having positive experiences with education. Students will then seek out a lifetime of learning, and encourage other to seek knowledge. Recognizing the theory of multiple intelligences and defining each student’s learning style will lead to success in education. By utilizing methods such as brain-based learning, cooperative learning, and collaborative learning teachers can empower students by giving them the educational method that works best for each individual. Combining all of these aspects yields the concept of interdisciplinary learning, leading to a lifetime of successful education, teaching, and learning. References Concept to Classroom: Course Menu. (2004). THIRTEEN – New York Public Media. Retrieved December 2, 2012, from http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/index.html Lattuca, L. R. (2001). Creating interdisciplinarity: Interdisciplinary research and teaching among college and university faculty. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. Pritchard, A. (2008). Ways of Learning [electronic resource]: Learning Theories and Learning Styles in the Classroom. Hoboken, NJ: David Fulton Publishers. Richardson, R., & Arker, E. (2010). Personalities in the Classroom: Making the Most of Them. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 46(2), 76-81.

Leading marines

Identify the author's mission (task and purpose) in writing this book. The author's purpose in writing this book was to explain the role of the ‘leader' in the Marine Corps. To accomplish this the author used examples of corps values, ethos, individual courage and unit spirit. 2. What part of the book was the most effective in accomplishing the author's mission? What part of the book was the least effective? The part of the book that I think is most effective at accomplishing the author's mission is chapter three: Challenges. Friction dominates war, it makes simple tasks hard'. The author touches on how friction affects us anywhere from the marine-air- ground task force down to the most forward fghting positions and how getting over the brick wall that is adversity is key to being able to lead marines. 3. What does the author assume to be true in order to accomplish his mission? Does the author validate these assumptions in the book? The author really shows the importance of th e lessons we learned in boot camp and OCS as the basis of what is needed to accomplish any mission.The author validates these assumptions as he goes back to what we learned in training as xamples of how we should carry ourselves as leaders and Marines. 4. The part of the book that is most relevant to what I / we do is: The part of the book that is most relevant to what â€Å"we do is chapter three. The author talks about Friction and overcoming challenges in everyday life such as physical challenge and the importance of being combat effective. This is relevant to me because I think physical fitness is key to anyone in the Marine Corps who wants to be a leader. . Identify the author's specific and implied conclusions. What I took as an implied conclusion was that there's a bigger purpose for veryone and you won't know what that purpose is unless you take risks to find that purpose. What part ot the book was the most ettective in accomplishing the author's The part of the book that i s most relevant to what l/we do is chapter three. The ground task torce down to the most torward tgnting positions and now getting over purpose. 1.Identify the author's mission (task and purpose) in writing this book. ground task force down to the most forward fighting positions and how getting over The part ot the book that is most relevant to what I / we do is: 6a. With respect to the author's conclusions (either specified or implied), I / we ccept or agree with the following: I agree with the implied conclusion that the fundamentals of leading marines is engraved in each of us as marines in boot camp or OCS and that those fundamentals are the basis of being a leader and a Marine. b. With respect to the author's conclusions (either specified or implied), I / we reject or do not agree with the following: There was nothing that I did not agree with. 7a. This book made a favorable impression on me and it will change the way I approach: This book will definitely make me think back to the basics when I am approached with adversity.

Africas Slow Growth And Development Politics Essay

Africas Slow Growth And Development Politics Essay This paper examines the causes of slow growth and development of Africa with emphasis on some selected countries. The paper argued on the basis of Madison’s (1995:65) estimates of per capital Gross Domestic Profit (GDP) for a sample of countries that, during the first half of the century, Africa had grown considerably more rapidly than Asia. By 1950, the African sample had overtaken the Asian sample. In the 1960s, Africa’s future looked bright, especially that the continent was gradually disengaging from the bondage of colonial imperialism. But today, Africa is the poorest continent in the world. While there has been a steady growth in countries of Asia, such as Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, African states have lagged behind. Why is African development growing slowly? What went wrong in Africa? How can these problems be solved? This paper attempts to provide answers to some of the fundamental issues that have bedeviled the continent in the 21st century. In order to assess the level of growth and development in the continent, the concepts of ‘growth and development’ is critically examined within the confines of Africa in the paper. The paper attributed the slow growth and development of Africa to ‘Internal influences and external dimensions’. At the same time, the paper provides some plausible suggestions that would serve as a panacea to the problems militating against the growth and development of Africa. Introduction From what direction should one view the slow growth and development of Africa: is it from the perspective of bad leadership couple with wide spread corruption? Or is it that of policy failure, or geographic and demographic factors? Africa as well as the rest of the world is battling with this provocative question: Why does Africa continue to lag behind the rest of the world in terms of social and economic development? Mathew Paris writing in Times August (2002), believes the answer to the co ntinent’s development problem lies in four simple words: †swagger, Indolence, self indulgence and hot air †he points out †failure of leadership, the individual means that what is created or started is not maintained. Further more, it has also been argued that after 1960, particularly when majority of the countries in the continent gained political freedom, the potential of governments were not responsive to the people’s needs, aspirations and wishes, Mathew Parris (2002). The dream were shattered due to bad leadership, corruption, wars, poverty and eventually, economic underdevelopment. Could this entire unfortunate phenomenon be considered as factors militating against the growth and development of Africa? In terms of structure and for the purpose of understanding and clarity of the main thrust of this article, we have divided the paper into four parts. The first part focuses on the interpretation and application of the terms ‘growth and develo pment’ as concepts of analysis. It is necessary to understand that the two concepts were used based on what the paper takes them to be. Perhaps the greatest weakness in the literature of social sciences is striking lack of precision with which terms are used and under the conditions they are studied. However, a clear distinction between growth and development is explained in this part. The second part discusses African perspective. The rich complex of minerals, ecological hung provided by the continent, the continent’s archeological sites and the richness of African culture and its contribution to global community is captured in the first part. The third part investigates the causes of the slow growth and development in Africa. On this part different explanations were presented to justify the strength of points on the topic under review. However, few examples of some selected countries were cited. The fourth part poses a fundamental question: whether or not Africa will ever grow and develop? Perhaps, this is the greatest challenge to African leaders in the 21st century whose time has come. While the final section concentrates on the concluding remarks. This part provides some plausible suggestions that would change the predicaments in Africa, at least if not all, some parts of it.

Leadership Development within XXX Ltd Case Study

Leadership Development within XXX Ltd - Case Study Example Charismatic leaders were attributed powerful qualities by those who follow them; traditional leaders were powerful by virtue of hereditary wealth or peerage; legal leadership draws its power from professional knowledge and technical expertise, and formal authority was legitimised through roles or position in the bureaucratic hierarchy. As such, formal authority is legitimated by subordinates' understanding and respecting rules and authority (Buchanan, Huczynski, 2003, pp. 90-98). In contrast to Weber's approach, more recent sociological approaches to leadership have been more concerned with notions of power rather than leadership per se. As such, the study of leadership is less about the individual and more about how power structures allow domination and control over others. XXX Ltd. has considered leadership programmes that give their employees' with a self-directed career path that initiates their individual and professional development within the company. Buchanan and Huczynski (2003, pp. 90-98) discusses that the programmes courses present a number of leadership activities that enhances the learning value whilst sharpening the skills of the leaders and their leadership skills within the company. XXX Ltd. has given their employees the opportunity to utilise these leadership development programs in initiating the growth of their career and to cultivate business diversity and cross-functional flexibility. These programmes are offered up to the 'high potential' employees who are deserving of succeeding through the various stages of the leadership development process on both a novice and advanced level. Either level of the programme will hold specialised leadership activities that sustain the six sigma methodologies and incorporate a 360-Degree feedback approach to a multi-faceted learning environment that incorporates classroom learning with multi-business rotational assignments. This paper discusses leadership development in the context of XXX Ltd. in a concise and comprehensive way. The paper also discusses key concept and theories of leadership development i.e. transformational leadership, transactional leadership and other key concepts and theories. Aims and the Objective of the Study The aim of this study is to discuss leadership development in XXX Ltd and to critically examine BM's Integrated Leadership Framework for middle managers; in particular it's effectiveness in developing the required transformational leadership capabilities, with a view to developing a set of practicable recommendations for enhanced practice. This study tries to achieve the following aims and objectives. a-This study achieves a critical literature review on Leadership, especially on contemporary transformational leadership and describes, in particular, the potential benefits, challenges and recommendations of good practice. b- The study aims to profile BM's Leadership Framew